{"id":1450,"date":"2025-12-27T16:53:36","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T16:53:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haskurt.com\/40\/?page_id=1450"},"modified":"2026-02-11T17:22:47","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T17:22:47","slug":"turk-buyukleri","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/haskurt.com\/40\/turk-buyukleri\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk B\u00fcy\u00fckleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u00fcrk B\u00fcy\u00fckleri Kimlerdir \u00a0<\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u00fcrk B\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin hayat\u0131 \u00a0<\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u00fcrk B\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin isimleri \u00a0<\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Alp Arslan (1029 Ile 1032-1072) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n ikinci h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131d\u0131r. Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131 yenip T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019da yerle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayarak T\u00fcrk tarihinde yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Horasan Valisi \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Bey\u2019in o\u011fludur.<\/strong> Alp Arslan tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sel\u00e7uklu Devletinin topraklar\u0131 \u0130ran, Horasan ve Afganistan ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131. Yaln\u0131zca dokuz y\u0131l s\u00fcren k\u0131sa saltanat\u0131nda \u00fclkesinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleten Alp Arslan\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sel\u00e7uklular \u2019\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenme ve yay\u0131lma d\u00f6nemidir.<\/strong> \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Alp Arslan\u2019\u0131n ku\u015fatmas\u0131na uzun s\u00fcre direnen Balzam Kalesi komutan\u0131n teslim olduktan sonra huzura \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00e7izmesine saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u0131\u00e7akla sultan\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r yaralamas\u0131 sonucu \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Nene Hatun (1857- 1955) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nene Hatun, 1857 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzurum’un Pasinler il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00c7eperler K\u00f6y\u00fcnde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Hen\u00fcz 20 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir gelinken, 1877-1878 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan T\u00fcrk-Rus Sava\u015f’\u0131nda (Rumi takvime g\u00f6re 1293 y\u0131l\u0131na denk geldi\u011finden Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde 93 Harbi olarak bilinir.) Aziziye Tabyas\u0131n\u0131 sopayla, ta\u015fla, kazma, k\u00fcrekle savunanlara kat\u0131larak cesurca sava\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erzurum’daki Aziziye Tabyas\u0131’n\u0131n savunulmas\u0131nda kahramanca \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak ad\u0131n\u0131 tarihe yazd\u0131ran Nene Hatun Aziziye savunmas\u0131na 20 ya\u015flar\u0131nda gen\u00e7 bir gelinken, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftaki o\u011flunu ve 3 ayl\u0131k k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 evde b\u0131rakarak kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu o\u011flu da daha sonra \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131’nda \u015fehit olacakt\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda 8 Kas\u0131m’\u0131 9 Kas\u0131m’a ba\u011flayan gece, b\u00f6lge halk\u0131ndan olan Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan Ermeni \u00e7eteleri Erzurum’un Aziziye Tabyas\u0131’na girmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Tabyay\u0131 koruyan T\u00fcrk askerlerini uykuda yakalay\u0131p k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irdiler. Bu s\u0131rada arkadan gelen Rus askerleri ise hi\u00e7bir zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan tabyay\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiler. Kurtulan bir er haberi Erzurumlulara ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erzurumlular, ya\u015flar\u0131na, kad\u0131n erkek olmalar\u0131na bakmadan silaha sar\u0131ld\u0131lar. Ellerine T\u00fcfek, t\u0131rpan, sat\u0131r, sopa, balta ne ge\u00e7irdilerse, topland\u0131lar. Nene Hatun da bu kafileye sat\u0131rla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Erzurumlular, \u00f6l\u00fcme gittiklerini bildikleri halde, Aziziye Tabyas\u0131’na do\u011fru ko\u015fuyordu. Tabyaya yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan Rus askerleri, gelenlere yayl\u0131m ate\u015fi a\u00e7t\u0131. \u00d6n s\u0131radakiler o anda \u015fehit oldular. Bir avu\u00e7 Erzurumlu, Aziziye Tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 demir kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rarak i\u00e7eri girdi. 2.000 den fazla Rus’u sopa, b\u0131\u00e7ak, t\u00fcfek ve elleriyle \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Tabya geri al\u0131nd\u0131. T\u00fcrkler, 1000 kadar \u015fehit vermi\u015flerdi. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda yaraland\u0131. Nene hatun da yaral\u0131lar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nene Hatun’un vatan i\u00e7in gece ba\u015flayan m\u00fcbadelesi, t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015fman Erzurum’dan kovuluncaya kadar devam etti. Erzurum’un her kar\u0131\u015f topra\u011f\u0131nda cephane ta\u015f\u0131yarak, yaral\u0131lara hem\u015firelik yaparak, yemek pi\u015firerek, su da\u011f\u0131tarak, hizmetten hizmete ko\u015farak destanla\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Fatih Sultan Mehmet (1432-1481) \u00a0<\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fatih Sultan Mehmet 29 Mart 1432 de  Edirne de do\u011fdu .Babas\u0131 Sultan \u0130kinci Murad, annesi Huma Hatun dur Devrinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ulemalar\u0131ndan birisiydi ve yedi yabanc\u0131 dil bilirdi 20 ya\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 olan Sultan \u0130kinci Mehmed, \u0130stanbul u fethedip 1100 y\u0131ll\u0131k Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rarak Orta \u00c7a\u011f \u0131 kapat\u0131p, Yeni\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 \u0131 a\u00e7an Cihan \u0130mparatoru Fatih Sultan Mehmed, Nikris hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 3 May\u0131s 1481 g\u00fcn\u00fc Maltepe de vefat etti ve Fatih Cami nin yan\u0131ndaki Fatih T\u00fcrbesine defnedildi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurucusu ve ilk Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r. 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Selanik\u2019te do\u011fmu\u015f, 10 Kas\u0131m 1938\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da vefat etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk asker\u00ee okul mezunudur ve Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 19 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Samsun\u2019a \u00e7\u0131karak Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk milletinin m\u00fccadelesi sonucunda 29 Ekim 1923\u2019te Cumhuriyet ilan edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk, \u00fclkemizi \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir devlet yapmak i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok yenilik yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Harf ink\u0131lab\u0131 ile Latin alfabesi kabul edilmi\u015f, kad\u0131nlara se\u00e7me ve se\u00e7ilme hakk\u0131 verilmi\u015f, saltanat ve halifelik kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk, \u201cYurtta sulh, cihanda sulh\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcyle bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk milleti i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir liderdir.<\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Alparslan T\u00fcrke\u015f (Ba\u015fbu\u011f) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fum:<\/strong> 25 Kas\u0131m 1917, Lefko\u015fa (K\u0131br\u0131s)
\u00d6l\u00fcm:<\/strong> 4 Nisan 1997, Ankara<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alparslan T\u00fcrke\u015f, T\u00fcrk siyaset\u00e7i ve askeridir. Milliyet\u00e7i Hareket Partisi\u2019nin (MHP) kurucusu ve uzun y\u0131llar genel ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r. Destek\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan \u201cBa\u015fbu\u011f\u201d olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasi hayat\u0131 boyunca T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asker\u00ee okul mezunudur ve T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri\u2019nde g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

27 May\u0131s 1960 asker\u00ee m\u00fcdahalesinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

09-02-1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda Milliyet\u00e7i Hareket Partisi\u2019ni (MHP) kurmu\u015ftur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrke\u015f, \u201cDokuz I\u015f\u0131k\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir doktrin ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemi; milliyet\u00e7ilik, \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck, ahlak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, toplumculuk gibi ilkeleri i\u00e7erir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alparslan T\u00fcrke\u015f, T\u00fcrk siyasetinde milliyet\u00e7i hareketin \u00f6nemli liderlerinden biri olarak kabul edilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vefat\u0131ndan sonra da fikirleri ve etkisi devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha geni\u015f bilgi sitemizin BA\u015eBU\u011eUM <\/a>b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde\u00a0 bula bilirsiniz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Barbaros Hayrettin Pa\u015fa (1473- 1546) \u00a0<\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Barbaros Hayrettin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ad\u0131 H\u0131z\u0131r\u2019d\u0131r. Kendisine verilen “Barbaros” lakab\u0131, \u0130talyanca “k\u0131z\u0131l sakal” anlam\u0131ndaki “barba Rosa\u2019dan gelir. 1478 y\u0131l\u0131nda Midilli adas\u0131nda do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Yakup A\u011fa\u2019d\u0131r. \u0130shak, Oru\u00e7 ve \u0130lyas adlar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 karde\u015fi vard\u0131r. \u0130lyas, Oru\u00e7 ve H\u0131z\u0131r reisler, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta deniz ticareti ile u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131lar. Yavuz Sultan Selim d\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 hizmetine girdiler.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0131z\u0131r Reis 1520-1525 aras\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 vurarak b\u00fcy\u00fck ganimetler elde etti. 1525\u2019te Cezayir\u2019i yeniden ele ge\u00e7irdi. Ertesi y\u0131l Jijel\u2019e bask\u0131n d\u00fczenleyen Cenevizli Amiral Andrea Doria\u2019y\u0131 yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131. Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n Alman seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Andrea Doria\u2019n\u0131n Mora k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na sald\u0131rmas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bunun \u00fczerine Kanuni, H\u0131z\u0131r Reis\u2019i \u0130stanbul\u2019a \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131 ve 1533\u2019te \u201cHayrettin\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi H\u0131z\u0131r Reis\u2019i Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na (kaptan-\u0131 derya) atad\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayrettin Pa\u015fa 1534\u2019te Akdeniz\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u0130talya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na seferler d\u00fczenledi, Tunus\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayrettin Pa\u015fa, 28 Eyl\u00fcl 1538 y\u0131l\u0131nda tarihe Preveze Deniz Sava\u015f\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7en sava\u015f\u0131 kazanarak Akdeniz\u2019i bir T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc haline getirdi.<\/strong>Barbaros Hayrettin Pa\u015fa, 4 Temmuz 1546\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019da vefat etti, Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019taki t\u00fcrbesine defnedildi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Dede Korkut \u00a0<\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dede Korkut\u2019un destanlar\u0131n ilk anlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Hikayelerde veli bir ki\u015fi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. O\u011fuzlar \u00f6nemli meseleleri ona dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Keramet sahibi oldu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kar. O\u011fuzlar namede \u2018de Dede Korkut\u2019un 295 y\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hz. Muhammed\u2019e el\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. O\u011fuz Han\u2019a vezirlik yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Destanlardan \u00e7\u0131karabildi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla ise Dede Korkut\u2019un ki\u015fili\u011fi iki \u015fekildedir ;1-Kutsal Ki\u015fili\u011fi,2-Bilge ki\u015fili\u011fi. Dede Korkut s\u0131radan insanlardan, devlet adamlar\u0131na kadar herkesin sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgedir, \u00f6\u011f\u00fct vericidir. Bilgeli\u011fi e\u011fitici, \u00f6\u011fretici ve tenkit edicidir.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Evliya \u00c7elebi (1611-1682) \u00a0<\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

As\u0131l ad\u0131 Dervi\u015f Mehmet Zilli olan Evliya \u00c7elebi 1611 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Unkapan\u0131\u2019nda do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Dervi\u015f Mehmed Zilli sarayda kuyumcu ba\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretimi \u00f6zel olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra bir s\u00fcre medresede okudu. Babas\u0131ndan tezhip, hat ve nak\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011frendi. Musiki ile ilgilendi.<\/strong> 1645\u2019te K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a Bahad\u0131r Giray\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131na gitti. Yak\u0131nl\u0131k kurdu\u011fu kimi devlet b\u00fcy\u00fckleriyle uzak yolculuklara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, sava\u015flara, mektup g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp getirme g\u00f6reviyle, ulak olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/strong>  Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019nin Seyahat Name\u2019si \u00e7ok \u00fcn kazanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ilmi bak\u0131mdan, geni\u015f bir inceleme ve \u00e7ali\u015fma konusu yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.1682\u2019de  M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan d\u00f6nerken yolda ya da \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Farabi (870-950) \u00a0<\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slam felsefesinin temelini atan ilk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerdendir. Getirdi\u011fi yeni yorumlarla Aristo\u2019nun felsefesini \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle uzla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da Mavera\u00fcnnehir b\u00f6lgesinin Farab kentinde do\u011fan Farabi\u2019nin as\u0131l ad\u0131 Ebu Nasr Muhammed bin Turhan bin Uzlu\u011f\u2019dur Babas\u0131 T\u00fcrk soyundan gelen \u0130ranl\u0131 bir kale komutan\u0131yd\u0131.<\/strong> \u0130lk\u00f6\u011frenimini memleketinde tamamlayan Farabi y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenimi Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u00d6nceleri \u0130slam hukuku (f\u0131k\u0131h) ile ilgilendiyse de daha sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle felsefeye y\u00f6neldi. Farabi ana dili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u2019den ba\u015fka Arap\u00e7a, Fars\u00e7a, S\u00fcryanice ve Yunanca \u2019da bilmekteydi.100\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n kitap yazan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr felsefenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra t\u0131p ve m\u00fczikle de ilgilendi.<\/strong> Yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 Arap\u00e7a yazm\u0131\u015f olan Farabi\u2019nin din, metafizik, evrenbilim, mant\u0131k, do\u011fa bilimleri, ahlak, astronomi, kimya alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan yap\u0131tlar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok dile \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Fuzuli \u00a0<\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk Divan \u015fairi Temelini bireysel duygu ve sevgide bulan bir \u015fiir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Ger\u00e7ek ad\u0131 Mehmed S\u00fcleyman\u2019d\u0131r Kerbela\u2019da do\u011fdu, do\u011fum y\u0131l\u0131 kesinlikle bilinmiyorsa da, kimi kaynaklara g\u00f6re 1480 dolaylar\u0131ndad\u0131r.1556\u2019da Kerbela\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/strong> \u015eiirlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen kavramlardan simya, g\u00f6kbilim konular\u0131yla ilgilendi\u011fi, \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinde pek yayg\u0131n olan ve gelecekteki olaylar\u0131 bildirmeyi ama\u00e7layan \u2018\u2019gizli bilimlerle ili\u015fkili bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Fuzuli, kendinden sonra gelen T\u00fcrk Divan \u015fairleri aras\u0131nda Baki Ruhi, Naila, Nedim ve \u015eeyh Galib gibi sevgiyi \u015fiirlerinin oda\u015f\u0131 durumuna getiren \u015fairleri etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0130bn-\u0130 Sina (980-1037)\u00a0<\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Buhara yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Af\u015fanada do\u011fan ibn-i Sina yaln\u0131z do\u011fuda de\u011fil, orta \u00e7a\u011f Avrupa\u2019s\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u0131p bilgini say\u0131lan \u0130ranl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir bilgin ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Yunan Filozofu Aristo\u2019nun en b\u00fcy\u00fck yorumcular\u0131ndan biridir. Babas\u0131 Abdullah Bin Sina\u2019dan d\u00f6nemin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bilginlerinden \u00f6zel dersler ald\u0131.21 ya\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde d\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck hekimlerinden biri say\u0131l\u0131yordu.57 ya\u015f\u0131nda Hamedan\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/strong>  \u0130bn-i Sina\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biri Kitabu\u2019\u015f-\u015eifad\u0131r. (Sa\u011fl\u0131k Kitab\u0131). \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihinde tek bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan en kapsaml\u0131 yap\u0131t olan Kitabu\u2019\u015f- \u015eifa \u2019mant\u0131k, fizik, geometri, astronomi, matematik, m\u00fczik ve metafizik konular\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin t\u00fcm bilgilerini bir araya getiren bir ansiklopedidir. \u0130bn-i Sina\u2019n\u0131n belki de en \u00fcnl\u00fc yap\u0131t\u0131 olan el-Kanun fi\u2019t T\u0131p (\u2018\u2019Hekimlik Yasas\u0131\u2019\u2019),bir t\u0131p ansiklopedisidir.<\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman (1495-1566) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin 10.padi\u015fah\u0131 olan Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman babas\u0131 Yavuz Sultan Selim hen\u00fcz \u015fehzade ve Trabzon sancakbeyi iken burada do\u011fdu. 1512\u2019de babas\u0131n\u0131n tahta \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul\u2019a geldi 1513\u2019te Manisa sancakbeyli\u011fine atand\u0131. Babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine 1520\u2019de Manisa\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelerek tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde en uzun s\u00fcreyle tahtta kalm\u0131\u015f padi\u015fah olan Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman saltanat s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 46 y\u0131l boyunca 13 kez sefere \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun d\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn doru\u011funa ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluklar\u0131ndan biri durumuna gelmi\u015ftir. Bu askeri ve siyasal ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kendisine \u2018\u2019kanuni\u2019sifat\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131ran hukuk d\u00fczenlemeleriyle devletin yap\u0131s\u0131na y\u00f6n veren ilkeleri yaz\u0131l\u0131 hale getirmi\u015ftir. Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n \u2018\u2019muhte\u015fem S\u00fcleyman \u2018\u2019olarak and\u0131klar\u0131 Kanuni edebiyatla da u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u2019\u2019Muhibbi\u2019\u2019 mahlas\u0131yla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiirleriyle bir divan olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Karacao\u011flan <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

17.y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lan bir a\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Ya\u015fam\u0131 ve kimli\u011fi ile ilgili bilgiler yetersiz ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilidir; \u00e2m\u00e2 bilinen bir Karacao\u011flan kimli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Bu kimli\u011fe g\u00f6re Karacao\u011flan Adana, \u0130\u00e7el, Kahramanmara\u015f Gaziantep, Halep y\u00f6releri ile \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019nun baz\u0131 yerlerini gezip dola\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7ebe bir T\u00fcrkmen obas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcyesidir. \u015eiirlerin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulunca Karacao\u011flan yaln\u0131z saz \u00e7al\u0131p t\u00fcrk\u00fcler s\u00f6yleyen bir a\u015f\u0131k olarak de\u011fil halk\u0131n binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k  bilgi, g\u00f6renek ve davran\u0131\u015f birikimini ustaca yans\u0131tan bir halk bilgisi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Mehmet Akif Ersoy (1873-19369) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1873\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da do\u011fdu,27 Aral\u0131k 1936\u2019da ayn\u0131 kentte \u00f6ld\u00fc.1889\u2019girdi\u011fi M\u00fclkiye Baytar Mektebi\u2019ni 1893\u2019te birincilikle bitirdi .1906\u2019da Halkal\u0131 Ziraat Mektebi ve 1907\u2019de \u00c7ift\u00e7ilik Makinist Mektebi\u2019nde hocal\u0131k etti. Mehmet Akif\u2019in 1911\u2019de 38 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk kitab\u0131 Safahat ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir edebi ki\u015fili\u011fin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Milletvekili iken s\u00f6zlerini yazm\u0131\u015f bu \u015fiire kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verilen para \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc de almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Mevlana Celaleddini Rumi (1207-1273) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tasavvuf d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin Anadolu\u2019daki \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olan Mevlana\u2019n\u0131n as\u0131l ad\u0131 Muhammed Celaleddin\u2019dir. Babas\u0131 Bahaeddin Veled ile Ba\u011fdat \u00fczerinden Anadolu\u2019ya geldi. Bir s\u00fcre Karaman\u2019da oturan Bahaeddin Veled 1228\u2019de Konya\u2019ya ge\u00e7erek burada m\u00fcderrisli\u011fe ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/strong> 1218-1228 aras\u0131nda 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k yolculu\u011funda hep babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulunan Mevl\u00e2na din ve tasavvuf alan\u0131ndaki temel bilgileri ondan \u00f6\u011frendi. Bahaeddin Veled 1231\u2019\u00f6l\u00fcnce m\u00fcderrislik Mevlana\u2019ya verildi. 1244\u2019te Konya\u2019ya gelen \u0130ranl\u0131 mutasavv\u0131f \u015eemsi-i Tebrizi ile tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Mevlana\u2019y\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle tasavvufa y\u00f6neltti. \u015eemsi-i Tebrizi\u2019nin 1247\u2019de ortadan kaybolmas\u0131ndan sonra m\u00fcderrisli\u011fi b\u0131rakan, i\u00e7ine kapanan Mevl\u00e2na \u015fiir yazmaya koyuldu. \u0130lk b\u00fcy\u00fck yap\u0131t\u0131 olan alt\u0131 ciltlik Divan-\u0131 Kebir\u2019i yazd\u0131.<\/strong>  Yakla\u015f\u0131k 26 bin beyitten olu\u015fan, alegori ve f\u0131kralar\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mesnevi Anadolu\u2019da geli\u015fen tasavvuf d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin en g\u00f6rkemli yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biridir. Mesnevi\u2019yi bitirdikten sonra Konya\u2019da \u00f6len Mevlana\u2019n\u0131n sohbetleri yak\u0131n dostlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Fih ma fih (Ne varsa i\u00e7indedir),Meclisi-\u015eeba (yedi \u00d6\u011f\u00fct)ve rubaileri de sonradan bir araya getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Mimar Sinan (1489- 1588) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Elli y\u0131la yak\u0131n bir s\u00fcre Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu nun mimarba\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olan Sinan \u0131n as\u0131l \u00f6nemi, yap\u0131lar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi deneyler ve getirdi\u011fi yeniliklerle Osmanl\u0131 \u2013T\u00fcrk mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u2018\u2019klasik\u2019 \u2019olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan doru\u011funa ula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndad\u0131r .478 yap\u0131s\u0131ndan 337\u2019si \u0130stanbul ve \u00e7evresinde olan Sinan ,Osmanl\u0131 mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda alt\u0131n bir \u00e7a\u011fa imza atan \u00fcst\u00fcn yetenekli bir sanat\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r .Mimar Sinan\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck eserleri  \u00c7\u0131rakl\u0131k yap\u0131t\u0131 \u015eehzade Camii, kalfal\u0131k yap\u0131t\u0131, S\u00fcleymaniye cami ve Ustal\u0131k yap\u0131t\u0131 Selimiye Camii\u2019dir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0O\u011fuzhan <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M.\u00d6.209.174<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk Hun imparatoru H\u00fck.M.\u00d6.209.174.Otuz be\u015f y\u0131l Hun taht\u0131nda kald\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleterek Hun devletini bir imparatorluk haline getirdi. B\u00fct\u00fcn Altay kavimlerini (T\u00fcrk, Mo\u011fol- Tuzguz) bir araya toplad\u0131. Hindistan\u2019\u0131 Hazar denizine kadar Asya y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. \u00d6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus tan Hazar denizine, Tibet ve Ke\u015fmir den Kuzey Sibirya ya kadar uzan\u0131yordu. T\u00fcrk destanlar\u0131nda \u00c7in ve Hindistan fetihlerinde anlat\u0131lan O\u011fuz Han \u0131n Mete oldu\u011fu san\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Osman Gazi (1258-1326) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kurucusu olan Osman Gazi, Ertu\u011frul Gazi\u2019nin Gazi, Ertu\u011frul olarak an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni babas\u0131 gibi onun da temel g\u00f6revi Bizans\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 gaza (sava\u015f) olan bir u\u00e7beyi konumunda bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Babas\u0131n\u0131n 1281\u2019de \u00f6lmesinden sonra y\u00f6redeki T\u00fcrkmen a\u015firetlerinin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ildi. Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 III.Alaeddin Keykubad 1299\u2019da \u0130lhanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayaklanmada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fray\u0131p ka\u00e7mak zorunda kal\u0131nca Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 bir s\u00fcre h\u00fck\u00fcmdars\u0131z kald\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Osman Gazi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.1324\u2019te o\u011flu Orhan\u2019\u0131 resmen bey ilan etti.1326 Yeni\u015fehir\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fc. Cenazesi \u00f6nce S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019te babas\u0131 Ertu\u011frul Gazi\u2019nin yan\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. Sonra Bursa\u2019da yapt\u0131r\u0131lan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc K\u00fcmbete ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Piri Reis (1465-1554) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Piri Reis, Ahmet Muhiddin Piri, Ahmet ibn-i el-Ha\u00e7 Mehmet El 70, Gelibolu (d.1465-70, Gelibolu-\u00f6 1554, Kahire) Osmanl\u0131 denizcisi. Amerika\u2019y\u0131 g\u00f6steren D\u00fcnya haritalar\u0131 ve Kitab-\u0131 Bahriye adl\u0131 denizcilik kitab\u0131yla tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> Piri Reis e\u015fsiz bir kartograf ve deniz bilimleri \u00fcstad\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Osmanl\u0131 deniz tarihinde izler b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bir kaptand\u0131r.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Yavuz Sultan Selim (1467-1520) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dokuzuncu Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 olan Yavuz Sultan Selim, babas\u0131 II. Bayezid\u2019dir.<\/strong> K\u0131sa s\u00fcren h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferlerle dolu ge\u00e7en Yavuz Sultan Selim Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin do\u011fu ve g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 Anadol\u2019unun \u00f6tesine ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r \u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesi de Osmanl\u0131lar a K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz yoluyla Hint Okyanusuna a\u00e7\u0131lma olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve Baharat Yolunu denetim alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> Kahire de ya\u015fayan Abas\u0131 Halifesi III. M\u00fctevekkili \u0130stanbul’a g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek,<\/strong> halifeli\u011fi ve kutsal emanetleri devralm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> Yavuz Sultan Selim in Selim mahyas\u0131yla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fars\u00e7a \u015eiirleri bir Divanda toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131d (1360-1403) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131d\u0131r. Murad\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu olan Beyazid Bursa\u2019da do\u011fdu. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta babas\u0131yla seferlere kat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki at\u0131lgan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u2018\u2019Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019 \u2019unvan\u0131yla an\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/strong> I.Murad Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcnce tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/strong> Bayezid 1390\u2019da Anadolu\u2019ya ge\u00e7erek bir\u00e7ok beyli\u011fin egemenli\u011fini sona erdirdi.<\/strong> Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyazid Anadolu\u2019da ve Rumeli\u2019de giri\u015fti\u011fi fetihlerle Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni bir imparatorluk durumuna getirme yolunda b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131mlar att\u0131.28 Temmuz 1402\u2019de yap\u0131lan Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Osmanl\u0131 ordusu darmada\u011f\u0131n oldu. Beyazid esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Yedi ayl\u0131k tutsakl\u0131k sonucu hastalanarak \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Yunus Emre (1238-1320) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu\u2019da tasavvuf edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairi ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u015fiirinin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/strong> Yunus Emre\u2019nin ger\u00e7ek ya\u015fam\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgiler s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 \u0130smail\u2019dir Medrese e\u011fitimi g\u00f6rerek \u0130slam bilimlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi, tasavvuf tarihi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131l\u0131r. Yunus Emre, Sinan Ata\u2019n\u0131n halifelerinden Toptuk Emre\u2019nin tekkesinde hizmet etmi\u015f. Onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yaymak i\u00e7in Anadolu\u2019yu dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f, sonunda kendisi de \u015feyh olmu\u015ftur.<\/strong> Yunus Emre\u2019nin iki yap\u0131t\u0131 vard\u0131r: Risalet\u00fc\u2019n- Nushiye aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir mesnevidir. Divan, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar tazeli\u011fini ve \u00e7ekicili\u011fini koruyan \u015fiir, ilahi, nutuk ve nefeslerini i\u00e7erir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Yunus Emre T\u00fcrbesi Nerede? <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yunus Emre\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi gibi \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer de bilinmezlik i\u00e7erir. Kimi kaynaklar Yunus Emre\u2019nin mezar\u0131n\u0131n ve t\u00fcrbesinin Eski\u015fehir\u2019in Mihal\u0131\u00e7\u00e7\u0131k il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 eski ismiyle Sar\u0131k\u00f6y, Yunus Emre Mahallesinde oldu\u011funu, kimi kaynaklar Karaman’da Yunus Emre Camii avlusunda, kimi kaynaklar da K\u0131r\u015fehir’e ba\u011fl\u0131 Aksaray ili yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Ulup\u0131nar K\u00f6y\u00fcnde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu ihtimaller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 yerde Yunus Emre T\u00fcrbesi oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Bu da asl\u0131nda Yunus Emre\u2019nin, Anadolu ve Anadolu insan\u0131 i\u00e7in ne denli \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0O\u011fuz Han, O\u011fuz Hayat\u0131, O\u011fuz Han Kimdir? <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan ya da O\u011fuz Han, T\u00fcrk ve Altay mitolojisinde T\u00fcrklerin atas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong>U\u011fuz Han, Uz Han veya O\u011fur (Ogur, Ugur) Han olarak da bilinir. Annesi Ay Ka\u011fan, babas\u0131 Kara Han’d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/strong><\/a>O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015f kahraman\u0131d\u0131r ve destanda Asya Hun Devleti’nin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Mete Han<\/strong> ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.
Do\u011fum tarihi tespit edilememi\u015ftir. \u0130lk Hun h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Teoman’\u0131n o\u011fludur. Teoman’\u0131n ba\u015fka bir kar\u0131s\u0131ndan ve O\u011fuz Han dan ya\u015f\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir o\u011flunun annesi, kendi o\u011flunu tahta ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in \u00e7areler arad\u0131 ve sonunda Teoman \u0131 kand\u0131rarak O\u011fuz Han \u0131 g\u00fcney-bat\u0131 kom\u015fular\u0131 olan Ku\u015fanlara rehin yollatt\u0131. O d\u00f6nemdeki hukuk anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re, rehin, bar\u0131\u015f teminat\u0131 demekti. O\u011fuz Han’\u0131n \u00fcvey annesi, o\u011flunun tahta ge\u00e7mesini garantilemek i\u00e7in, Teoman \u0131 bir kere daha kand\u0131rarak Ku\u015fanlara sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131.
Anla\u015fma bozuldu\u011fundan, O\u011fuz Han \u0131n Ku\u015fanlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekiyordu. Fakat O\u011fuz Han, s\u00fcratle \u00fclkesine ka\u00e7t\u0131. Babas\u0131 buna sevindi ve \u00f6d\u00fcl olarak ona 10 bin askerlik bir vilayet verdi. O\u011fuz Han, yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu imk\u00e2n\u0131 iyi kulland\u0131. Kahramanl\u0131k ve te\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k gibi \u00f6zelliklerini kullanarak, kin duydu\u011fu babas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 askeri haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/strong> Elindeki orduyu bir sava\u015f makinesi haline getiren O\u011fuz Han, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelmi\u015f bir silah olan oku da geli\u015ftirerek menzilini uzatt\u0131. Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc ve onu yenerek M.\u00d6. 209 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hun taht\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hun Devleti’nin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7en O\u011fuz Han’\u0131n ilk i\u015fi, do\u011fudaki Tunguzlar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak, Hazar Denizi ne kadar olan b\u00f6lgedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131 da hakimiyeti alt\u0131nda toplamak oldu. T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek ilk defa T\u00fcrk birli\u011fini kuran O\u011fuz Han’\u0131n devletinde, boylar i\u00e7 i\u015flerinde serbestti. <\/strong>Bu gelenek Osmanl\u0131lara kadar geldi. Boylar, merkez\u00ee devlete sadece vergi ya da hara\u00e7 vermek ve asker haz\u0131rlamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcyd\u00fc.
O\u011fuz Han, M.\u00d6. 209-174 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en otuz be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, devaml\u0131 sava\u015f halinde oldu. \u00dclkesinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 Hazar Denizi’nden Hint Okyanusu’na, Himalayalardan Sibirya ya kadar geni\u015fledi. Hun sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 in\u015fa edilen \u00c7in Seddi bile O\u011fuz Han ordular\u0131n\u0131 durdurmaya yetmedi.
Nitekim O\u011fuz Han, bir seferde 320 bin ki\u015filik bir orduyla \u00c7in in i\u00e7lerine kadar girerek \u00c7in H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Kao-Ti ‘yi, \u00fclkesinin kuzey b\u00f6lgelerini Hunlara terk ederek, Hun devletine vergi \u00f6demeye mecbur b\u0131rakt\u0131. \u00c7inliler, 58 y\u0131l m\u00fcddetle bu vergiyi \u00f6dedi. O\u011fuz Han M.\u00d6. 174 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. O\u011fuz Han \u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e deki ba\u015fka bir ad\u0131n\u0131n Alp Er Tunga oldu\u011fu, ayn\u0131 ismin \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda Mete olarak ge\u00e7ti\u011fi rivayet olunur.
O\u011fuz Han, O\u011fuz Destan\u0131’nda \u015f\u00f6yle tasvir edilir: <\/strong>Samur omuzlu, kurt belli bir yi\u011fitti. G\u00f6zlerinin i\u00e7i nur, avu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7i kand\u0131. K\u0131rk g\u00fcn anas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc emdi, bir daha emmedi. \u0130ki \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken ata binmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Yeti\u015fip akl\u0131 erer ya\u015fa gelince O\u011fuz a haber verdiler ki yak\u0131n ormanda bir canavar t\u00fcremi\u015f, bir iki \u015fehrin s\u00fcr\u00fclerine ve insanlar\u0131na aman vermiyor. Ormana gitti, bir geyik buldu ve ortal\u0131kta bir a\u011faca ba\u011flad\u0131 gitti. Ertesi g\u00fcn gelince geyi\u011fi yenmi\u015f buldu. Bu sefer bir ay\u0131 buldu, yine o a\u011faca ba\u011flad\u0131 ve gitti. Daha sonra geldi\u011finde onun da kemiklerine rastlad\u0131. Bu defa kendisi o a\u011faca dayan\u0131p gecelemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Haz\u0131r ava al\u0131\u015fan canavar geldi\u011finde, ba\u015f\u0131yla O\u011fuz un kalkan\u0131na dokundu, d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler; o, canavar\u0131 yendi, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 getirdi; kom\u015fu \u015fehirler halk\u0131 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bayram ettiler. B\u00fcy\u00fckler bir araya gelip kendilerini bayra\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirecek olan\u0131n bu O\u011fuz oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131lar. Hepsi onun \u00e7evresine topland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Metehan, Metehan Hayat\u0131, Metehan Kimdir? <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tarihte Asya milletlerini tek \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplayan ilk h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olan Metehan ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus\u2019tan Hazar\u2019a, Ke\u015fmir\u2019den Kuzey Sibirya\u2019ya kadar uzanan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devlet kurmu\u015ftur.
Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Metehan, M.\u00d6 234 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu. Do\u011fum yeri tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Fakat M\u00d6 209 y\u0131l\u0131nda tahta ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, 35 y\u0131l boyunca imparatorlu\u011funun ba\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve M\u00d6 174 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat etti\u011fi bilinmektedir.
Hayat\u0131 Tahta \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f
\u00c7in yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en hik\u00e2yeye g\u00f6re, babas\u0131 Teoman, kendisi yerine \u00fcvey annesi Yen\u015fi’nin o\u011flunu tahta \u00e7\u0131karmak istedi ve Mete’yi kom\u015fu kavim olan Y\u00fce\u00e7ilere (Yuezhi) rehin olarak g\u00f6nderdi. Babas\u0131, ard\u0131ndan Y\u00fcezhi’lere sava\u015f ilan ederek Mete’yi \u00f6ld\u00fcrtmek istedi. Mete, babas\u0131 Teoman Y\u00fce\u00e7ilerin topraklar\u0131na girmeden Y\u00fce\u00e7ilerin elinden ka\u00e7t\u0131. Babas\u0131 bu kadar zorluklar\u0131 atlatmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermek i\u00e7in emrine bir birlik verdi. Sonunda da Mete \u00f6z babas\u0131n\u0131, \u00fcvey annesi ve karde\u015f(ler)ini \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp ka\u011fan oldu. (M.\u00d6. 209).
Ok Hik\u00e2yesi
\u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re e\u011fer okunu bir y\u00f6ne y\u00f6neltirse emrindeki askerlerin hepsi o hedefe ok atarak hemen yok ederdi. Bunu s\u0131k\u00e7a yapard\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn okunu en sevdi\u011fi at\u0131na \u00e7evirdi. Askerlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 teredd\u00fct etti. Bunun \u00fczerine okunu s\u0131rayla teredd\u00fct edenlerin \u00fczerine \u00e7evirdi. At\u0131na ok atmakta teredd\u00fct eden askerlerinin hepsi at\u0131lan oklarla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fckten beri oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 okunu hedefe \u00e7evirme oyunu emirlerinin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da per\u00e7inledi. Bir g\u00fcn emrinde demir disiplini ile yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi 10 bin askeri varken okunu babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7evirdi\u011finde askerlerinden hi\u00e7biri teredd\u00fct etmemi\u015fti.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mete \u00d6nce Hunlardan toprak talebinde bulunan do\u011fu kom\u015fular\u0131 Donghu \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc ve onlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131. Yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmada Donghular y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, at ve deveden olu\u015fan bir vergi \u00f6demeyi kabul ettiler ve M.\u00d6. 208 y\u0131l\u0131nda onlar\u0131 hakimiyetine ald\u0131.
Donghu’yu yendikten sonra, Kuzey Mo\u011folistan’da ya\u015fayan Tunguz gibi halklar\u0131 da i\u00e7ine katt\u0131. M.\u00d6. 177-165 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Hunlar\u0131n g\u00fcney bat\u0131s\u0131nda, Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131 ile Gansu M.\u00d6. 203’de Yue\u00e7i’yi ma\u011flup ederek kendi topra\u011f\u0131na katt\u0131.
Ordos’da hakim olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Tahin T\u00fcrklerini yendi. \u00c7in \u00fczerine s\u00fcrekli seferler d\u00fczenleyerek Sar\u0131 Irmak’\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki kaleleri egemenli\u011fine ald\u0131. Bu zaferlerle, sonradan Hunlara b\u00fcy\u00fck gelirler getirecek \u00f6nemli ticari yollar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne sahip oldu.
B\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan Altay (Mo\u011fol, Tunguz ve T\u00fcrk vb.) kavimlerini egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na alarak askeri ve stratejik olarak daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir hale geldi.
M.\u00d6. 200’de Han Hanedan\u0131 imparatoru Gaozu’nun (Gao-Di) 320.000 ki\u015filik ordusunu Baideng (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Datong, \u015ean\u015fi)’de Peteng Kalesinde ku\u015fatt\u0131. Gaozu (Gao-Di) Mete’nin e\u015fine hediyeler g\u00f6nderdi ve Mete’nin kuzey eyaletlerini Hunlara b\u0131rakma ve y\u0131ll\u0131k vergi \u00f6deme gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti ve ku\u015fatmadan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na m\u00fcsade edildi.Gaozu payitaht\u0131 \u00c7ang’an(bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015eian)’a d\u00f6nebildiyse de Mete arada bir Han’\u0131n kuzey s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmi\u015f ve nihayet M.\u00d6. 198’de Ganzu bar\u0131\u015f istemi\u015f ve Han’\u0131n prensesini Tanhu’nun e\u015fi olmas\u0131 ve y\u0131ll\u0131k hara\u00e7 \u00f6demesi \u015fartlar\u0131yla antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u00c7in sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, Mete,Y\u00fczehi ve Wusun’u Hun’un k\u00f6leleri olmaya zorlad\u0131.
Saltanat\u0131 boyunca \u00e7o\u011fu halklar Hun idaresi alt\u0131na girdi. Onlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, steplerin b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6\u00e7ebe atl\u0131 ok\u00e7ular\u0131n\u0131 bir imparatorluk alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirdi. G\u00f6\u00e7ebe tebaalar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka Mete ayr\u0131ca Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131’nda kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k yemini eden vaha \u015fehir devletleri kurdu. Onun hem askeri hem de idari yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 sonradan bir\u00e7ok merkezi Asya halklar\u0131nda ve devletlerinde uyguland\u0131.
B\u00f6lgesinde askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc ile korku sald\u0131. Sava\u015f taktikleri ve askeri disiplini sayesinde \u00c7in \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nu ve \u00e7evre kavimlerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flar\u0131 kazand\u0131. Ordusu sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda toplanan sivillerden olu\u015fmuyordu. Onun yerine s\u00fcrekli e\u011fitimli ve sava\u015fa haz\u0131r halde bulunan profesyonel askerlerden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Hakim oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerdeki geni\u015f tah\u0131l ve yiyecek kaynaklar\u0131 ile ordusunu ayakta tutabiliyordu.
Mete, M.\u00d6.174 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, bir\u00e7ok kavimleri \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftiren b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluk geriye b\u0131rakt\u0131. Bu imparatorluk yakla\u015f\u0131k 18 milyon km2 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe sahipti. \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya Japon Denizi’nden \u0130dil Nehrine ve kuzeyden g\u00fcneye Sibirya’dan Tibet ve Ke\u015fmir’e uzan\u0131yordu. Hunlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunan tek d\u00fczenli ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kuvvet olan \u00c7in ordusunun, i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar nedeniyle idari zaafiyet i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131 Mete’nin devletini kolayca b\u00fcy\u00fctmesine sebep g\u00f6sterilir. Metehan Hayat\u0131 K\u0131saca<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atilla, Atilla Han, Atilla Hayat\u0131, Atilla Kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Attila, (Atilla ismiyle de ge\u00e7mektedir), 395-453 seneleri aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Attila\u2019n\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llardaki fiziksel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, \u201ck\u0131sa boylu, geni\u015f g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsl\u00fc, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6zl\u00fc, yass\u0131 burunlu ve ince gri sakall\u0131 ve bronz tenli\u201d oldu\u011fu anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
G\u00fcnd\u00fczleri bozk\u0131rda ve nehir kenar\u0131nda odun, ta\u015f ve benzeri e\u015fyalar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p g\u00fc\u00e7 kazan\u0131yordu. Ak\u015famlar\u0131 \u00e7ad\u0131rda babas\u0131 Boncuk han taraf\u0131ndan latince dersleri al\u0131yordu. Babas\u0131 vefat edince karde\u015fi Bleda ile yollar\u0131 ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Amcas\u0131 Attila kol kanat gerdi ve kavimler g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne kat\u0131ld\u0131 amcas\u0131 Rua ile. Bat\u0131 Romayla Hunlular i\u015f birli\u011findeydi. Bu nedenle Bat\u0131 Romaya gitti ve lejyonerlerle e\u011fitim ald\u0131. S\u0131k s\u0131k kolezyumda d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fen Gladyat\u00f6rleri izlemeye gidiyordu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu esnada ileride kendine rakip olacak olan Gladius Aetus ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. 434 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hun imparatoru ve Amcas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcnce imparatorlu\u011fu karde\u015fi Bleda ile idare etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u0130lk e\u015fi Nakara ile evlenir. E\u015fi Nakara do\u011fum esnas\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcr fakat erkek bebek sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 do\u011far. Attila ilk i\u015f olarak Burgutlar devletine 64 000 askerle sald\u0131r\u0131r ve krallar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. Atilla Han\u0131n Roma imparatorlu\u011funa sald\u0131r\u0131 fikrini karde\u015fi Bleda kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Bleda \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131nda s\u0131rt\u0131na han\u00e7erle \u00f6l\u00fc bulunur. Bu cinayeti kimin i\u015fledi\u011fi sonsuza dek s\u0131r kald\u0131. bat\u0131 Roma impartorlu\u011funu velihat\u0131 3 uncu Valentinus k\u0131z karde\u015fi Augusto Honoria \u00c7\u0131lg\u0131n deli lakapl\u0131 Atilla ni\u015fan y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Avrupa B\u00fcy\u00fck Hun Devleti Kral\u0131 Atilla Bu y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bat\u0131 Romaya kar\u015f\u0131 kullanmak i\u00e7in saklad\u0131. III Valentinus k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra tahta ge\u00e7er. Atilla Ni\u015fan y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Kral Valentinus g\u00f6nderir. Ni\u015fanl\u0131s\u0131 Honoria ve ni\u015fan arma\u011fan\u0131n\u0131 olarak Bat\u0131 Roma imparatorlu\u011funun yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 istemektedir. Bu teklif ret edildi ve sava\u015f sinyalleri verildi.
Hun \u0130mparatoru Roma imparatorlu\u011funa sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in karpat,iskandinav,k\u0131r\u0131m en iyi sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 toplad\u0131.Roma Komutan\u0131 Aetus Atillan\u0131n ordusunu nas\u0131l durduraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyordu planlar yapt\u0131 ve bu orduyu yormas\u0131 gerekmekteydi. Aetus Atilla ve ordusunu \u00f6nce Strasbourg(Strazburg) \u015fehrine \u00e7ekti g\u00f6ster ka\u00e7 takti\u011fiyle K\u00f6ln \u015fehrine kadar \u00e7ekti ve en son paris \u015fehrinede do\u011fru ka\u00e7t\u0131. Ovada 2 ordu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Baltalar oklar,dikenli topuzlar, m\u0131zraklarla sava\u015f \u015fiddetli bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7iyordu. Sava\u015f bitti Aetus geri \u00e7ekildi. Ovada 400 000 bin ceset vard\u0131. Atilla Han Aetusu takip etmek yerine \u0130talyaya sald\u0131rmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Araya giren Papa B\u00fcy\u00fck Leon Roma ve hun devletlerini bar\u0131\u015f sa\u011flad\u0131. Atilla Budine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. 2 y\u0131l sonra Germen soylusu birinin k\u0131z\u0131 ile evlendi. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sonras\u0131 gerdek gecesinde burnundan kan gelmi\u015f \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00fc bulundu (453).

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya devam edilen Attila, Avrupal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan barbar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclse de, Macar halk\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir kahraman olarak nitelenmektedir. Ancak Atilla, nas\u0131l an\u0131l\u0131rsa an\u0131ls\u0131n, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc orta Avrupa g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcne, g\u00f6rkemli yap\u0131lara, g\u00f6\u00e7lere, sava\u015flara, ak\u0131nlara, istilalara neden olarak, tarihe damga vuran b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorlar aras\u0131ndaki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Cengiz Han, Cengiz Han Hayat\u0131 K\u0131saca <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cengiz Han (do\u011fum ad\u0131yla Temu\u00e7in (anlam\u0131: demirci), Mo\u011folca “Tengiz” (anlam\u0131: deniz), d. 1162 \u2013 \u00f6. 18 A\u011fustos 1227), Mo\u011fol komutan, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ve Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun kurucusudur.
Cengiz Han, 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Orta Asya’daki t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7ebe bozk\u0131r kavimlerini birle\u015ftirerek bir ulus haline getirdi ve o ulusu Mo\u011fol siyasi kimli\u011fi \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplad\u0131. D\u00fcnya tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck askeri dehalar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilen Cengiz Han, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde 1206-1227 aras\u0131nda Kuzey \u00c7in’deki Bat\u0131 Xia ve Jin Hanedan\u0131, T\u00fcrkistan’daki Kara H\u0131tay, Mavera\u00fcnnehir, Harezm, Horasan ve \u0130ran’daki Harzem\u015fahlar ile Kafkasya’da G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, De\u015ft-i K\u0131p\u00e7ak’taki Rus Knezlikleri ve K\u0131p\u00e7aklar ile \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131 \u00fczerine ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen seferler sonucunda Pasifik Okyanusu’ndan Hazar Denizi\u2019ne ve Karadeniz’in kuzeyine kadar uzanan bir imparatorluk kurdu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bozk\u0131r gelene\u011finden gelen onlu te\u015fkilat\u0131 kullanarak Meritokratik (liy\u00e2kata ba\u011fl\u0131) bir ordu meydana getiren Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir asker olarak \u00fcn kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n temelinde, kurdu\u011fu posta te\u015fkilat\u0131 ve casus a\u011f\u0131 ile istihbarat sanat\u0131na verdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. Seferleri sonucunda, pek \u00e7ok \u015fehir tahrip olmu\u015f ve milyonlarca insan da katledilmi\u015fti ancak Cengiz Han Yasas\u0131 ad\u0131 ile metinle\u015ftirilen kurallar ile i\u015fkenceyi yasaklay\u0131p, zanaatkarlar, doktorlar, belli bilgi becerisi olan e\u011fitimli ki\u015filer ve her dinden din adamlar\u0131na, hangi milletten olursa olsun aralar\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi ve vergiden muaf tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131 kanunla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.

Cengiz Han, halk\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131ya sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Uygurlardan \u00f6nemli bah\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015fkenti Karakurum\u2019a \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Mo\u011folca i\u00e7in Uygur alfabesini uyarlatarak bunu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na da \u00f6\u011fretmesini istemi\u015ftir.

1227 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kuzey \u00c7in’deki Tangutlar \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sefer esnas\u0131nda rahats\u0131zlanarak hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu imparatorluk g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Rusya hari\u00e7 t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerden daha geni\u015f topraklar \u00fczerine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f vaziyette olup \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, o\u011fullar\u0131 ve torunlar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde daha da geni\u015fleyerek, insanl\u0131k tarihinin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc biti\u015fik s\u0131n\u0131rlara sahip en b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluk haline geldi. Cengiz Han Hayat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ulu\u011f Bey, Hayat\u0131 ve kimdir? (1394-1449) <\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ulu\u011f Bey, Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun 4. sultan\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk matematik\u00e7i ve astronomi bilgini. Babas\u0131 Timur’un k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu \u015eahruh, annesi Gevher \u015e\u00e2d’d\u0131r. 1394 y\u0131l\u0131nda Azerbaycan’\u0131n Sultaniye kentinde do\u011fmu\u015ftur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/strong><\/a>T\u00fcrk matematik\u00e7ilerinden birisi olan Ulu\u011f Bey, As\u0131l ad\u0131 Mehmet’tir. Fakat o, daha \u00e7ok Ulu\u011f Bey ad\u0131 ile \u00fcnl\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. 1394 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sultaniye kentinde do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Timur’un \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131ralarda Ulu\u011f Bey Semerkant’ta bulunuyordu. Semerkant ve Mavera\u00fcnnehir, Mirza Halil Sultan’\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015fgali \u00fczerine babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gitmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Babas\u0131 buralar\u0131 yeniden y\u00f6netimine alarak on alt\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan Ulu\u011f Bey’e y\u00f6netimini b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ulu\u011f Bey, bu tarihten sonra, hem h\u00fck\u00fcmeti y\u00f6netmi\u015f ve hem de \u00f6\u011frenimine devam etmi\u015ftir.
Ulu\u011f Bey, bilgin ve olgun bir padi\u015faht\u0131. Bo\u015f zaman\u0131n\u0131 kitap okumak ve bilginlerle ilmi konular \u00fczerinde konu\u015fmakla ge\u00e7irirdi. T\u00fcm bilginleri y\u00f6resinde toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ulu\u011f Bey, dikkatlice okudu\u011fu kitab\u0131 kelimesi kelimesine hat\u0131r\u0131nda tutacak kadar belle\u011fi vard\u0131. Matematik ve astronomi bilgileri olduk\u00e7a ileri d\u00fczeydeydi. Bir s\u00f6ylentiye g\u00f6re, kendi fal\u0131na bakarak, o\u011flu Abd\u00fcllatif taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve bunun \u00fczerine o\u011flunu kendisinden uzak tutmay\u0131 uygun g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Baba ile o\u011flu aras\u0131ndaki bu so\u011fukluk, Ulu\u011f Bey’in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011fluna kar\u015f\u0131 olan yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile daha da \u015fiddetlenmi\u015f ve sonunda Ulu\u011f Bey’in korktu\u011fu ba\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir.<\/strong>Ulu\u011f Bey, Semerkant’ta bir medrese ve bir de rasathane yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kad\u0131 Zade bu medreseye ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir. Rasathane i\u00e7in y\u00f6rede bulunan t\u00fcm m\u00fchendis, alim ve ustalar\u0131 Semerkant’a \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendisi i\u00e7in de bu rasathanede bir oda yapt\u0131rarak t\u00fcm duvar ve tavanlar\u0131 g\u00f6k cisimlerinin manzaralar\u0131yla ve resimleriyle s\u00fcsletmi\u015fti. Rasathanenin yap\u0131m ve rasat aletleri i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir harcamadan ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6zlemevinde yap\u0131lan g\u00f6zlemler, ancak on iki y\u0131lda bitirilebilmi\u015ftir.
G\u00f6zlemevinin y\u00f6netimini Kad\u0131 Zade ile Cem\u015fid’e vermi\u015ftir. Cem\u015fid, g\u00f6zlemlere ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada ve Kad\u0131 Zade de g\u00f6zlemler bitmeden \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00f6zlemevinin t\u00fcm i\u015fleri o zaman gen\u00e7 olan Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u’ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6zlem \u00fczerine Ulu\u011f Bey, \u00fcnl\u00fc Zeycini d\u00fczenlemi\u015f ve bitirmi\u015ftir. Zey\u00e7 K\u00fcrkani veya Zey\u00e7 Cedit Sultani ad\u0131 verilen bu eser, birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l do\u011fuda ve bat\u0131da faydalan\u0131lacak bir eser olmu\u015ftur. Zey\u00e7 K\u00fcrkani baz\u0131 kimseler taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f ve Zey\u00e7’in iki makalesi 1650 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra’da ilk olarak bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa dillerinin bir\u00e7o\u011funa, \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. 1839 y\u0131l\u0131nda cetvelleri Frans\u0131zca terc\u00fcmeleriyle birlikte, as\u0131l eser de 1846 y\u0131l\u0131nda aynen bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Zey\u00e7 K\u00fcrkani’nin as\u0131l kopyalar\u0131ndan biri Irak ve \u0130ran sava\u015flar\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiye’ye getirilmi\u015f ve halen Ayasofya k\u00fct\u00fcphanesindedir. Bir hile ile o\u011flu Abd\u00fcllatif taraf\u0131ndan 1449 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\"This\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \ud83d\udc3a HasKurt \ud83d\udc3a \u00a0<\/span><\/code><\/code>\"This<\/code><\/strong><\/code><\/h1>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/head>\n\n\n\t\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\n\t\te \u2013 Posta:<\/span><\/font>   <\/font><\/span>HasKurt \n\t\t\u00d6zKurt<\/a><\/u><\/font><\/i><\/font>

\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tBu site <\/span><\/font> HasKurt\n\t\t <\/span>\u00d6zKurt<\/a><\/i><\/u><\/font><\/font> \n\t\t<\/span>Tarafı<\/span>ndan\n\t\t <\/span>haz<\/font>ı<\/span><\/font>rlanmaktad<\/font>ı<\/span><\/font>r<\/font><\/u><\/td>\n\t\t

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u00fcrk B\u00fcy\u00fckleri Kimlerdir \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u00fcrk B\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin hayat\u0131 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u00fcrk B\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin isimleri \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Alp Arslan (1029 Ile 1032-1072) Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n ikinci h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131d\u0131r. Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131 yenip T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019da yerle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayarak …<\/p>\n

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